Stellar empowers builders to unlock human and economic potential. It combines a powerful, decentralized blockchain network with a global ecosystem of innovators to create opportunities as borderless as ideas.

Stellar

Blockchain Bridges Gaps Where Traditional Finance Fails, Says Stellar Development Foundation

Blockchain ukax kawkhantix qullqichasiw tradicional ukax jan walt’ayaski uka chiqanakanw ch’amanchasi, Fundación Stellar Development ukax siwa

Blockchain преодолява пропуските там, където традиционното финансиране се проваля, казва Stellar Development Foundation

Stellar Development Foundation: Blockchain schließt Lücken, wo traditionelle Finanzsysteme versagen

La tecnología blockchain cierra brechas donde las finanzas tradicionales fallan, afirma Stellar Development Foundation

ステラ開発財団によると、ブロックチェーンは従来の金融がうまく機能しない部分を補う

ბლოკჩეინი ახიდებს ხარვეზებს, სადაც ტრადიციული ფინანსები ვერ ხერხდება, ამბობს Stellar Development Foundation

Blockchain Салттуу Каржы ийгиликсиз болгон жерде боштуктарды толтурат, дейт Stellar Development Foundation

ብሎክቸይን ባህላዊ ፋይናንስ ኣብ ዝፈሽለሉ ክፍተታት ይድልድል ይብል ስቴላር ዲቨሎፕመንት ፋውንዴሽን

“Stellar” gaznasynyň aýtmagyna görä, adaty maliýe şowsuz bolan “Blockchain” köprüleri

Blockchain Yi Bula Swivandla Laha Timali ta Ndhavuko ti Hlulekaka, Ku vula Stellar Development Foundation

Блокчейн усуває прогалини там, де традиційне фінансування зазнає невдачі, каже Stellar Development Foundation

恒星发展基金会称区块链弥补了传统金融的不足

Stellar Community Fund Drives Innovation in Blockchain Development The Stellar Community Fund (SCF) is set to launch Cohort 9 of its Kickstart Program, providing developers and founders with an exceptional opportunity to build, launch, and scale their projects on the Stellar network. Since the launch of the Soroban smart contract platform in May, the Kickstart Program is also open to builders working on DeFi projects and other decentralized applications. Applications for the Kickstart program are now open and will close on November 17, 2024, with the program running from December 2-6, 2024. Kickstart Program - 5-Day Virtual Accelerator The SCF Kickstart program is a structured, five-day virtual boot camp that provides early-stage developers and founders with hands-on mentorship and a path to potentially access funding from the Stellar Community Fund. This program is specifically designed for participants who have a concept and want to transform their ideas into tangible projects built on Stellar. Each day of the program focuses on a key development area: December 2, 2024 - Define Your Minimum Viable Product
December 3, 2024 - Create a UI/UX Mockup
December 4, 2024 - Outline Technical Architecture
December 5, 2024 - Develop a Go-to-Market Strategy
December 6, 2024 - Pitch Your Product to Industry Experts After completing the Kickstart boot camp, developers can apply for the SCF Kickstart Award, potentially earning up to USD $15,000* in XLM to validate and develop their projects. Projects that demonstrate initial traction may then become eligible for the SCF Build Award. Build Program - Roadmap To Launch The SCF Build Program supports projects that have moved beyond the concept phase and are ready to scale toward market launch. Offering up to USD $150,000* in XLM, this award assists teams with development costs, community integration, and resources needed to finalize their products. The Build Program benefits include: Financial Support - Up to six months of development costs
Access to Stellar LaunchKit - Includes audit credits, infrastructure offers, and additional funding mechanisms
Community Integration - Stellar actively supports partners and developers on the network To apply, teams must submit a detailed proposal outlining their project goals, budget, and how they meet eligibility criteria. The application process includes community voting and a panel evaluation, with funding distributed in tranches based on development milestones, ensuring projects stay on track. How To Apply Developers interested in joining the Kickstart program can apply at: https://communityfund.stellar.org/kickstart. Following the November 17th, 2024 deadline, selected participants will receive preparation materials and guidance from the Stellar Development Foundation and the SCF team. Teams that complete the Kickstart program and demonstrate project potential will have the option to scale further with the SCF Build Award. The USD valuation of the budget request in XLM will be calculated using the CF Stellar Lumens-Dollar Settlement Price on the day of payment as administered, maintained, and reported by the cryptocurrency index provider CF Benchmarks Ltd. (using the ticker XLMUSD_RR) (available at https://www.cfbenchmarks.com/indices/XLMUSD_RR). Learn more in the SCF Handbook. Stellar Community Fund Drives Innovation in Blockchain Development The Stellar Community Fund (SCF) is set to launch Cohort 9 of its Kickstart Program, providing developers and founders with an exceptional opportunity to build, launch, and scale their projects on the Stellar network. Since the launch of the Soroban smart contract platform in May, the Kickstart Program is also open to builders working on DeFi projects and other decentralized applications. Stellar Community Fund (SCF) Stellar Community Fund (SCF) Soroban smart contract platform Soroban smart contract platform Applications for the Kickstart program are now open and will close on November 17, 2024, with the program running from December 2-6, 2024. Kickstart Program - 5-Day Virtual Accelerator The SCF Kickstart program is a structured, five-day virtual boot camp that provides early-stage developers and founders with hands-on mentorship and a path to potentially access funding from the Stellar Community Fund. This program is specifically designed for participants who have a concept and want to transform their ideas into tangible projects built on Stellar . Stellar Stellar Each day of the program focuses on a key development area: December 2, 2024 - Define Your Minimum Viable Product December 3, 2024 - Create a UI/UX Mockup December 4, 2024 - Outline Technical Architecture December 5, 2024 - Develop a Go-to-Market Strategy December 6, 2024 - Pitch Your Product to Industry Experts December 2, 2024 - Define Your Minimum Viable Product December 3, 2024 - Create a UI/UX Mockup December 4, 2024 - Outline Technical Architecture December 5, 2024 - Develop a Go-to-Market Strategy December 6, 2024 - Pitch Your Product to Industry Experts After completing the Kickstart boot camp, developers can apply for the SCF Kickstart Award, potentially earning up to USD $15,000* in XLM to validate and develop their projects. Projects that demonstrate initial traction may then become eligible for the SCF Build Award. Build Program - Roadmap To Launch The SCF Build Program supports projects that have moved beyond the concept phase and are ready to scale toward market launch. Offering up to USD $150,000* in XLM, this award assists teams with development costs, community integration, and resources needed to finalize their products. SCF Build Program SCF Build Program The Build Program benefits include: Financial Support - Up to six months of development costs Access to Stellar LaunchKit - Includes audit credits, infrastructure offers, and additional funding mechanisms Community Integration - Stellar actively supports partners and developers on the network Financial Support - Up to six months of development costs Access to Stellar LaunchKit - Includes audit credits, infrastructure offers, and additional funding mechanisms Community Integration - Stellar actively supports partners and developers on the network To apply, teams must submit a detailed proposal outlining their project goals, budget, and how they meet eligibility criteria. The application process includes community voting and a panel evaluation, with funding distributed in tranches based on development milestones, ensuring projects stay on track. How To Apply Developers interested in joining the Kickstart program can apply at: https://communityfund.stellar.org/kickstart. https://communityfund.stellar.org/kickstart . https://communityfund.stellar.org/kickstart Following the November 17th, 2024 deadline, selected participants will receive preparation materials and guidance from the Stellar Development Foundation and the SCF team. Teams that complete the Kickstart program and demonstrate project potential will have the option to scale further with the SCF Build Award. Stellar Development Foundation Stellar Development Foundation The USD valuation of the budget request in XLM will be calculated using the CF Stellar Lumens-Dollar Settlement Price on the day of payment as administered, maintained, and reported by the cryptocurrency index provider CF Benchmarks Ltd. (using the ticker XLMUSD_RR) (available at https://www.cfbenchmarks.com/indices/XLMUSD_RR). Learn more in the SCF Handbook. The USD valuation of the budget request in XLM will be calculated using the CF Stellar Lumens-Dollar Settlement Price on the day of payment as administered, maintained, and reported by the cryptocurrency index provider CF Benchmarks Ltd. (using the ticker XLMUSD_RR) (available at https://www.cfbenchmarks.com/indices/XLMUSD_RR ). Learn more in the SCF Handbook . https://www.cfbenchmarks.com/indices/XLMUSD_RR https://www.cfbenchmarks.com/indices/XLMUSD_RR SCF Handbook SCF Handbook

Can The Stellar Accelerator Kickstart Your Web3 Idea?

Може ли Stellar Accelerator да стартира вашата Web3 идея?

¿Puede el acelerador Stellar impulsar su idea Web3?

L’accélérateur Stellar peut-il donner un coup de fouet à votre idée Web3 ?

Կարո՞ղ է Stellar Accelerator-ը սկսել ձեր Web3 գաղափարը:

Stellar Accelerator は Web3 のアイデアを始動させることができますか?

Na The Stellar Accelerator e ka Kickstart Kgopolo ya Gago ya Web3?

Czy akcelerator Stellar może dać początek Twojemu pomysłowi na Web3?

Dardariyaha Stellar ma bilaabi karaa fikradaada Web3?

Може ли Стеллар Аццелератор покренути вашу Веб3 идеју?

“Stellar Accelerator” Web3 ideýaňyzy başlap bilermi?

Stellar Accelerator Web3 Fikrinizi Harekete Geçirebilir mi?

Ngaba i-Stellar Accelerator iyakwazi ukuqala imbono yakho yeWeb3?

Everything You Need to Know Before Building on the Stellar Blockchain

Hey Hackers! Welcome back to another edition of HackerNoon’s Company of the Week! This series aims to give tech companies from our database the big bright spotlight they rightfully deserve. And this week, we have another great one in store. Everyone, meet Stellar: A decentralized public blockchain that helps developers set up various payment options. Want to be featured on HackerNoon’s Company of the Week? Request Your Tech Company Page on HackerNoon! Meet Stellar Founded in 2014, Stellar helps builders integrate payment systems into any application. On their website, people can learn how to set up instant global payments, digital wallets, and help them create smart contracts. And if that’s not enough to show how great Stellar is, why don’t we hear from them? From Stellar’s Docs: Stellar is a layer-1 open-source, decentralized, peer-to-peer blockchain network that provides a framework for developers to create applications, issue assets, write smart contracts, and connect to existing financial rails.
Stellar is designed to enable creators, innovators, and developers to build projects on the network that can interoperate with each other. Stellar <> HackerNoon Tech Community The HackerNoon community has written about Stellar for many years. A ton of great stories have been written about how Stellar works, the history of Stellar, and how to implement it into your projects. Check out some of them below! Why Stellar could be the next big ICO platform
Stellar $XLM Wiki: Coin History, Techstack, and Crypto News
Stellar Blockchain is the right platform for building next-gen FinTech Products. Here’s why Like 4000+ other brands, you can also benefit from publishing on HackerNoon:Learn more about HackerNoon’s Business Blogging Program
Learn about our Technology Press Release Program. And that’s it for this week’s edition! We hope to see you next week! - The HackerNoon Team Hey Hackers! Welcome back to another edition of HackerNoon’s Company of the Week ! This series aims to give tech companies from our database the big bright spotlight they rightfully deserve. HackerNoon’s Company of the Week And this week, we have another great one in store. Everyone, meet Stellar : A decentralized public blockchain that helps developers set up various payment options. Stellar Want to be featured on HackerNoon’s Company of the Week? Request Your Tech Company Page on HackerNoon! Want to be featured on HackerNoon’s Company of the Week? Request Your Tech Company Page on HackerNoon ! Want to be featured on HackerNoon’s Company of the Week? Request Your Tech Company Page on HackerNoon Want to be featured on HackerNoon’s Company of the Week? Request Your Tech Company Page on HackerNoon Meet Stellar Founded in 2014, Stellar helps builders integrate payment systems into any application. On their website , people can learn how to set up instant global payments, digital wallets, and help them create smart contracts. website And if that’s not enough to show how great Stellar is, why don’t we hear from them? From Stellar’s Docs: Stellar is a layer-1 open-source, decentralized, peer-to-peer blockchain network that provides a framework for developers to create applications, issue assets, write smart contracts, and connect to existing financial rails. Stellar is designed to enable creators, innovators, and developers to build projects on the network that can interoperate with each other. Stellar is a layer-1 open-source, decentralized, peer-to-peer blockchain network that provides a framework for developers to create applications, issue assets, write smart contracts, and connect to existing financial rails. Stellar is designed to enable creators, innovators, and developers to build projects on the network that can interoperate with each other. Stellar <> HackerNoon Tech Community The HackerNoon community has written about Stellar for many years. A ton of great stories have been written about how Stellar works, the history of Stellar, and how to implement it into your projects. Check out some of them below! Why Stellar could be the next big ICO platform Stellar $XLM Wiki: Coin History, Techstack, and Crypto News Stellar Blockchain is the right platform for building next-gen FinTech Products. Here’s why Why Stellar could be the next big ICO platform Why Stellar could be the next big ICO platform Stellar $XLM Wiki: Coin History, Techstack, and Crypto News Stellar $XLM Wiki: Coin History, Techstack, and Crypto News Stellar Blockchain is the right platform for building next-gen FinTech Products. Here’s why Stellar Blockchain is the right platform for building next-gen FinTech Products. Here’s why Like 4000+ other brands, you can also benefit from publishing on HackerNoon:Learn more about HackerNoon’s Business Blogging Program Learn about our Technology Press Release Program. Like 4000+ other brands, you can also benefit from publishing on HackerNoon:Learn more about HackerNoon’s Business Blogging Program Like 4000+ other brands, you can also benefit from publishing on HackerNoon: Learn more about HackerNoon’s Business Blogging Program Learn more about HackerNoon’s Business Blogging Program Learn about our Technology Press Release Program . Learn about our Learn about our Technology Press Release Program Technology Press Release Program . And that’s it for this week’s edition! We hope to see you next week! - The HackerNoon Team

Meet Stellar: HackerNoon Company of the Week

মেট স্টেলার: হ্যাকারনুন কোম্পানি অফ দ্য উইক

Lernen Sie Stellar kennen: HackerNoon-Unternehmen der Woche

Conozca a Stellar: la empresa de la semana de HackerNoon

Rencontrez Stellar : entreprise HackerNoon de la semaine

स्टेलर से मिलिए: हैकरनून कंपनी ऑफ द वीक

Stellar のご紹介: 今週の HackerNoon 企業

Stellar를 만나보세요: 금주의 HackerNoon 회사

Conheça Stellar: Empresa HackerNoon da Semana

Встречайте Stellar: компания недели HackerNoon

Stellar ile Tanışın: Haftanın HackerNoon Şirketi

Gặp gỡ Stellar: Công ty HackerNoon của tuần

认识 Stellar：HackerNoon 本周公司

This is the official HackerNoon wiki for Stellar. As part of our , this living wiki displays on If you’d like to suggest edits to our official Uniswap wiki, please submit them in the comment field below, a real human editor will read and review your suggestions for accuracy and publication. coin price pages Stellar crypto price page. Stellar is an open-source payment network that allows for the creation, trade, and sending of digital representations of currency in all its forms. Unlike physical money, the Lumen isn’t issued by central banks. This means governments don’t interfere with their activities. The Stellar Lumen is one of the best-performing and older forms of cryptocurrency. History of Stellar Stellar was founded by Jed McCaleb and is operated by the Stellar Development Foundation, a non-profit organization he and collaborator Patrick Collison founded. The foundation debuted on July 31st, 2014. The initial funding for the Stellar Project came from the payment startup Stripe headed by Patrick Collison which offered $3 million. Stellar launched with 100 billion stellar. 25 Billion Stellars went to donors from the initial funding such as Google, Fast Forward and Black Rock. Stripe received 2 billion stellars as a return for the initial funding. The name of the cryptocurrency was changed from Stellar to Lumens or XLM. In 2014, Brazil’s first bitcoin exchange, Mercado Bitcoin, announced they would be using the Stellar network. Stellar had approximately 3 million users registered by January 2015. Stellar’s Biggest Claim to Fame In 2014, Stellar created the Stellar Consensus Protocol (SCP) making it an open-source system. Under the SCP, transaction authentication is left to a select group of nodes on the blockchain, where it is hosted, instead of a whole set of nodes. This shortens the approval cycle and allows for faster and cheaper processing of transactions. The Lumen is a low-cost but legitimate form of crypto. It is a reliable and affordable cryptocurrency investment and is popular for it. Stellar stopped selling Lumens which has allowed for the value of the Lumen to rise, especially considering the Lumen is not a form of cryptocurrency that can be mined. The value of the Lumen depends on the number in circulation at any given time. Stellar has several partnerships with big companies. Stellar tries to solve the real-world problem of high transfer fees which is encouraging bigger financial institutions such as Moneygram which can afford to partner with the cryptocurrency offered by Stellar since they seem to have a solid base they can work with, even though it is not especially profitable. Criticism of Stellar Jed McCaleb, the co-founder of Stellar, was involved in a lawsuit when he tried to sell off his stake in Ripple after he left the company, knowing a lawsuit was coming for the company. This does not reflect well on the company, so the value of the coin will drop drastically if he gets involved in another scandal. Jed McCaleb was involved in a company that was hacked while he was in charge. The hack cost the company $460 million. This makes people weary of investing their money in a project he is involved in. The Stellar foundation had over 100 billion lumens originally but they removed nearly half of them from circulation in November 2019. This was controversial since this kind of market manipulation is one of the things decentralized systems like cryptocurrency are supposed to prevent. The Stellar Team Jed McCaleb is a co-founder and chief technology officer of Stellar. He founded and served as the CTO of Ripple until 2013. He co-founded the Stellar Development Foundation in 2014 to develop the Stellar open-source protocol which allowed cross-border monetary transactions. Joyce Kim is a co-founder and executive director of Stellar. She started her career as a lawyer. She co-founded Simplehoney, a mobile commerce startup, in 2011. She was Vice Chairperson at Freestyle Capital before she joined McCaleb as co-founder of Stellar. Conclusion Stellar is more of a money transfer platform than it is a crypto platform. Crypto is a means to transfer money for the company and not the essence of the company. This is the official HackerNoon wiki for Stellar. As part of our , this living wiki displays on If you’d like to suggest edits to our official Uniswap wiki, please submit them in the comment field below, a real human editor will read and review your suggestions for accuracy and publication. coin price pages Stellar crypto price page.

Stellar $XLM Wiki: Coin History, Techstack, and Crypto News

Ever since I heard of Stellar, a project to disrupt the financial world from a publication, I was intrigued. I guess it was around the time they’d raise $3 million from Stripe that I started exploring the potential of Stellar blockchain. The tech-media obsession and incessant and other blockchain projects by journalists across the world sure helped too in keeping me intrigued. blockchain comparison of Stellar with Ethereum A few months down the line, me and my team had worked upon a number of POCs and explored the possibilities with the platform. Almost 2 and a half years down the line, today, our team has successfully worked on a number of products based on the stellar blockchain. In this post, I am going to explain why Stellar is the right platform for building Fintech products. First of all, I’ll discuss the basic pointers about the Stellar blockchain. Following this, we will discuss a few product ideas that can be made with this blockchain platform. So, without any further ado, let’s begin: Basic Primer of Stellar Blockchain The motto of Stellar and the people building it is to let people send and receive money across borders quickly, reliably and for fractions of a penny. It connects banks, payment systems and the users who are associated or interact with them and aims at integrating them so that the process of moving money can be done at almost no cost. With products built upon Stellar blockchain, the mobile money apps can be made interoperable with increased efficiency and decreased costs of the smaller transactions. The Stellar blockchain has a decentralized and open database which enables it to maintain a confirmation time of 3–5 seconds. Not only this, since the Stellar blockchain is not programmed in a Turing complete language (Read: Faster than Ethereum Blockchain), the transactions-per-second rate is high too. The stellar consensus protocol, which we’ll be discussing in the article later, enables multi-signatures and smart contracts. Here’s how the Stellar blockchain works for cross-border payments: Say you are trying to send a certain amount of USD to a person you do business with, let’s call him Kevin in Europe who will be receiving it in EUR. Now, if your’s and Brad’s bank are connected to the Stellar network as anchors. Once you try sending money in USD to Brad, transaction intent is forwarded to his bank in order to check whether Brad is compliant or not. Upon green light from the European bank, the funds are deducted from your bank account and then transferred to the stellar network in form of Lumens. Once the Lumens are inside the network, the money is sent to Brad’s bank and then credited into his account. As most of you already know, the stellar blockchain is a decentralized, peer-to-peer network and an open ledger. Every detail of all the transactions is stored in the blockchain and it acts as a transparent and open ledger. Another important component of the stellar blockchain is what we call “anchors”. So, What exactly is an Anchor? In the Stellar blockchain, anchors can hold a deposit and issue credits to the participants as per the situation. Here’s what the Stellar foundation has to say about anchors: “They act as a bridge between different and the Stellar network. All money transactions in the Stellar network (except the native digital currency of lumens) occur in the form of a credit issued by anchors.” currencies Anchors are instrumental for a streamlined functioning of the processes that happen in Stellar blockchain. Trusting the anchors is very important if you want to perform any action using the stellar blockchain. Product Ideas Using Stellar Blockchain: The widespread usage of P2P payments app such as Venmo is no secret. But building one using the blockchain was a challenge yet to be tackled before Stellar came around. If you choose to build a payments app using the stellar blockchain, the transaction charges can be maintained to be minimal and faster (order of 5 seconds). P2P Payments App- technology By using Stellar blockchain as the underlying technology, you can enable low-cost and cross-border payments with very low minimum waiting time and low to minimize overhead costs. — The stellar protocol has given a totally new meaning to building decentralized exchanges as the security in network is increased as independent servers with fault tolerance systems participate in the network. Building Decentralized Exchanges The main difference between Stellar DEX and other centralized, or decentralized exchanges is that you control your own money. Your private key is in control of you and you alone. Unlike centralized exchanges, where these are stored in centralized servers, or Ethereum based exchanges, where these are stored in smart contracts, Stellar DEX gives you full power to control your money. This means no amount of hacking into the central servers or manipulation of smart contracts is going to make you lose your money. Things like this is what makes the idea to make a cryptocurrency exchange on the stellar blockchain a great idea. Read here for more on how to make a cryptocurrency exchange using stellar blockchain. — This is one of the most interesting use-cases that I’m still working on. And will be sharing details soon once our team has worked it all out. As a matter of fact, with the rising adoption and awareness of security tokens and tokenization, asset digitization has a great shot at true blockchain/crypto adoption. Products for asset digitization like based on the Stellar blockchain are already in place. Asset Digitization Slice — For those who haven’t been introduced with the notion and sheer magnitude of sharing economy, let me put it simply: It’s what the next industrial revolution is going to be about. Have a look at this . For a better understanding on how the sharing economy is shaping today, have a look at this post from Sodio’s blog: . Enabling the Sharing Economy video by a professor from Wharton Dynamics of Sharing Economy But for sharing economy to be really feasible, developments in cloud technology, IOT and AI/ML are of paramount importance. But the real challenge would still be left far from being taken care of: “How do you get people to share their resources without a robust and proven payment infrastructure?” For example, Say you build a platform where a person with mobile data while traveling lets others use it via hotspots. And since we’re the creators and believers of technology, let’s assume matching, metering, and whatnot — all will be done real smooth. But how does the person who shares his mobile data with others will get paid for? That’s where the stellar blockchain comes in as you can build payment platforms with it. What Sodio has built using Stellar Blockchain — . Won’t be discussing cashstash as of now. Hope to do it in a future post! CashStash

Stellar Blockchain is the right platform for building next-gen FinTech Products. Here’s why

By , Snr Architect at PeopleBrowsr and Andrew Maizels www.Coin.Kred The Stellar and Ethereum networks are in many ways complementary. provides simple transactional functionality that is cheap and fast, with transactions costing a small fraction of a cent and consistently taking less than ten seconds to complete. provides a complete programming language (Solidity), smart contracts, and data storage, but as a result transactions are orders of magnitude slower and more expensive. What’s more, the cost of transactions on Ethereum is variable with both complexity (code and metadata) and network congestion. Stellar Ethereum allows it to benefit from the best of both worlds — Stellar’s low cost and high speed, and Ethereum’s power and flexibility. But this requires that tokens can be moved safely from one blockchain to another without loss or duplication. Making an application dual-platform Representation Because metadata on Stellar is limited to an asset and a 32-character metadata field — and large amounts of metadata becomes infeasibly expensive on Ethereum when the tokens are of relatively small real value — the bulk of the metadata is stored in IPFS. Stellar transactions store the token ID using the metadata field, linking back to the IPFS address for the full token data. They can optionally store additional numeric metadata fields using alternate asset types. Ethereum uses an ERC721 contract that allows key metadata to be stored directly in the blockchain without needing to refer to IPFS. Coin ID and value, batch ID, sequence and count, and direct links to the IPFS metadata and the corresponding API endpoint (following the ERC721 metadata standard). The IPFS metadata is always present, so when moving from Stellar to Ethereum we can rely on it to fill in the additional fields. The core, immutable metadata is written to the ERC721 token as well so that it can be used directly by Ethereum smart contracts. For example, the nominal value of the token can be used by a smart contract managing token sales, auctions, or trades, and the batch and sequence can control uniqueness. Transfers The Ethereum and Stellar blockchains are entirely separate entities, and a token cannot truly leave either network. So the process of transferring tokens is one of careful, auditable bookkeeping. The requirements are: No token can be lost — the transfer from one network to the other should succeed fully or fail such that all changes are reverted. No token can be duplicated — if a token is transferred to another network, it is no longer available on the original network. Transactions are verifiable — any third party should be able to inspect the respective blockchains and come to the same conclusion as to the ownership of any token. The Simple Case In the primary use case, tokens are initially created in Stellar wallets that are delegated to the application. Advanced users who wish to hold token in their personal wallet (such as Metamask) or trade on exchanges such as Rarebits or Opensea, or decentralised networks such as 0x, would need to first transfer their tokens to Ethereum. The simplest way to handle this is using a conventional database as the control mechanism, and publish the transactional notations to IPFS. Simple Flow Example An annotation is made in the database and on IPFS that the specified token is to be transferred from the user’s Stellar wallet to the desired Ethereum wallet. A transaction is opened on the database and on Stellar simultaneously to move the token to a designated holding wallet. Tokens in the holding wallet are unavailable to users or to normal application transactions.The Stellar transaction carries the value of the token (in the application’s defined asset) and the token’s unique hash. When the transaction completes on Stellar, the database transaction is automatically committed, and a second annotation is made in the database and published to IPFS.The application data and IPFS are updated to show that there is a pending transaction on the token and no other operations are possible until it completes. A new annotation is added to the database and published to IPFS showing that the token is being transferred from the holding wallet on Stellar to Ethereum. A transaction is posted to the ERC721 contract to create the token on Ethereum. The resulting transaction ID is posted to the database and published to IPFS. At this point, transactions can no longer be processed in lockstep, as the processing times are both long and unpredictable. Instead, we use an Ethereum blockchain scanner to monitor the transaction ID for verification of success or failure.(In practice, we actually track all Ethereum transactions relating to the application’s ERC20 and ERC721 tokens, so no separate task needs to be run to track this particular transaction.) When the scanner sees verification of the transaction, we clear the pending status in the application database, and publish a final annotation to confirm that the token is now live on the Ethereum network. Failure Modes and Error Handling If an annotation for a pending transaction for the token already exists in the database, the transaction will fail immediately. If the transaction has failed and needs to be retried, it is necessary to wait for confirmation of the failure to be processed through the blockchain scanner and for the database to be updated. If the transfer to the holding wallet fails on Stellar, the database transaction is rolled back, and a failure annotation is made in the database and published to IPFS. (The database annotations are made in an independent transaction and are not rolled back.)In this unusual case, we can provide immediate feedback to the user via the application or API. If we suffer a local server failure during the Stellar processing window, we will be left with an annotation of the transaction, and no subsequent annotation.If there are any such orphan annotations found on recovery, we can verify their status against the Stellar blockchain, and choose to either restart or revert the transaction. If we receive a verified failure on the Ethereum transaction, we can retry the transaction automatically. It may be that the Ethereum network was temporarily congested, or that the gas allocated was too low.In either case, we will create a failure annotation and a retry annotation in the database and IPFS, and wait again on verification in the blockchain scanner. If the Ethereum transaction cannot be processed in a timely manner — if the Ethereum network is severely congested or gas prices are excessive, as was seen for several days in August 2018 — we can instead choose to completely unwind the transaction and return the token to the user’s Stellar wallet.However, this must wait for confirmation of failure on the Ethereum transaction, which in severely congested conditions may itself take hours. While the transaction is still under way on Ethereum it is not possible to cancel it; it can be overridden with a higher gas fee, but that doesn’t help if the gas fee is excessive due to network congestion. More Complex Cases In this application it is envisaged that a token once transferred to Ethereum for trading will remain on the Ethereum network. However, it is equally possible to transfer the token back to the Stellar network via a reverse process. The token is transferred to a smart contract designating the target Stellar wallet, and the blockchain scanner initiates a transaction on the Stellar network to return the previously held token from the holding wallet to the destination user wallet. This can fail in the following cases: If the transfer to the smart contract fails, it is handled by Ethereum, with no need for the gateway to intercede. This applies both to Ethereum network failures, and transfers that are rejected by the smart contract, for example, invalid ERC721 tokens. If the destination wallet does not exist on Stellar, it is possible to tell the smart contract to return the original token. If tokens are transferred in both directions, a token might already exist on the Ethereum network when a transfer is initiated from Stellar. In this case, the token will already be held in a smart contract. Rather than using the ERC721 contract to generate the token — which would fail due to uniqueness constraints on the tokens — we instead instruct the smart contract to release the token to the designated Ethereum wallet. Andrew’s work on the Stellar to Ethereum Gateway is in production on the and applications built on the platform, including . Kred’s NFT Platform ( NFT.Kred ) Kred Coins ( Coin.Kred ) Several use case applications that feature Andrew’s Stellar to Ethereum Gateway on February 20 at the PlayStation Theater, Times Square, New York. will be presented at the NFT.NYC Non-Fungible Tokens event Developer tickets are available on with the code NFT.NYC NFTDEV

Implementing a Stellar to Ethereum Gateway

Stellar is a platform that is geared towards banking and cross-border financial transactions. It intends to address issues with remittances, mobile payments, and micropayment. A big objective of the Stellar network is to provide affordable financial services at a lightning pace. blockchain Stellar Consensus Protocol The Stellar was launched in 2014 as a fork of the Ripple protocol. Jed McCaleb, co-founder of Ripple and founder of Mt. Gox, along with lawyer Joyce Kim. However, since Stellar architecture has been restructured to solve various problems it is now significantly different from Ripple. In the beginning, the cryptocurrency on the network was called “Stellar” as well. But it has since been changed from stellars to lumens (XLM) to avoid any possible confusion with the Stellar network. network Stellar solves a consensus protocol problem that plagues other blockchains or digital ledger technologies. Blockchain uses to maintain the reliability of records and transactions. Most blockchains use what is known as Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance (PBFT). A blockchain network that uses PBFT needs 66 percent of the validators to agree on transactions to attain quorum or consensus. In order to maintain the validity of the network, the number of malicious nodes needs to stay below 33 percent. Systems like Hyperledger and Ripple use PBFT. Byzantine Fault Tolerance (BFT) Researchers found out that the PBFT of the Ripple protocol was not fault tolerant enough. Also, the selection of validators makes PBFT systems become centralized. So PBFT was replaced with Federated Byzantine Agreement (FBA). In an FBA system, there is no need for predefined validators. Nodes make the decisions individually about who to trust. It decentralizes the system. Instead of the whole quorum or a preset number of nodes, FBA systems use “quorum slice” or a subset of the quorum. In an FBA system, nodes broadcast to each other on which quorum slices they trust. Nodes individually determine which quorums to trust and build their own quorum based on the information they have at hand. The ideal situation is to have quorum intersections or quorum overlaps. This ensures there is consensus throughout the network. If there are no intersections, then there will be disjoint quorums which can lead to the recording of contradictory transactions. It is the biggest risk of using the Stellar network. uses FBA to have a more decentralized system. The network is more open to new nodes and FBA also makes the network more reliable in case of failure. Stellar Consensus Protocol Achievements of Stellar Network Stellar is gaining ground over Ethereum because it is cheaper and faster and asset exchange is a built-in feature of the Stellar protocol. While users normally have to use third-party exchanges in order to deal with Ethereum transactions, this ease of use has made Stellar popular with a lot of projects. IBM is one of the biggest names that has multiple projects currently using the Stellar blockchain. It has launched the Stellar-based payment system called “Blockchain World Wire.” IBM has also streamlined the previously complex and cumbersome process of carbon credit trading with Stellar based system set up to offset environmental damage by supporting a patch of Indonesian rainforest. The Future Roadmap Stellar Development Foundation (SDF) has acquired Chain, a blockchain firm, in September 2018. The firm is backed by Visa, Nasdaq, and Citi Ventures. Also, Stellar has recently implemented the Stellar Decentralized Exchange (SDEX) and work is in progress on the Stellar Lighting Network. Even though Stellar might not yet have the big brand recognition of Ethereum, but the advantages described above and the support of some major industry players ensure it is becoming more and more prominent in the blockchain ecosystem.

A Simple Guide to Understanding the Stellar Blockchain Network

STELLAR

https://stellar.org/

100 employees

Since 2014

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STELLAR

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Stellar WIKI

STELLAR

https://stellar.org/

100 employees

Since 2014

COMPANY RANKING

STELLAR

EVERGREEN INDEX #4

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Stellar WIKI